Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Doyle MS[original query] |
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Notes from the field: Spatially associated coincident and noncoincident cases of La Crosse encephalitis - North Carolina, 2002-2017
Byrd BD , Williams CJ , Staples JE , Burkhalter KL , Savage HM , Doyle MS . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (39) 1104-1105 La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common cause of pediatric arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) encephalitis in the United States (1). It is a California serogroup bunyavirus primarily transmitted by the eastern tree-hole mosquito (Aedes triseriatus) (2). LACV encephalitis is a reportable condition in North Carolina and is a nationally notifiable disease. In North Carolina, LACV encephalitis is the most common endemic arboviral disease reported in humans, with seven western counties accounting for approximately 80% of confirmed cases since 2003 (3). The fatality rate for LACV encephalitis is <1%, with most patients recovering without overt clinical sequelae; however, long-term neurologic sequelae reported in some patients include recurrent seizures, hemiparesis, and cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities (4). |
Evaluating public housing residents for knowledge, attitudes, and practices following dengue prevention outreach in Key West, Florida
Matthias J , Zielinski-Gutierrez EC , Tisch DJ , Stanek D , Blanton RE , Doyle MS , Eadie RB , Gazdick EJ , Leal AL , Pattison KJ , Perez-Guerra CL , Tittel CJ , Vyas J , Wagner T , Blackmore CG . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014 14 (11) 788-93 BACKGROUND: In 2009-2010, 93 cases of dengue were identified in Key West, Florida. This was the first outbreak of autochthonous transmission of dengue in Florida since 1934. In response to this outbreak, a multifaceted public education outreach campaign was launched. The aim of this study is to compare dengue prevention knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and prevention practices among residents of subsidized public housing to the general population in Key West and to assess whether there were barriers preventing effective outreach from reaching specific vulnerable populations. METHODS: A randomized population-based evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward dengue prevention consisting of 521 separate household interviews was undertaken in July of 2011. A subset analysis was performed on interviews collected from 28 public housing units within four subsidized public housing complexes. Analysis was performed to determine whether knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors exhibited by public housing residents differed from the non-public housing study population. RESULTS: Public housing residents recalled fewer outreach materials (p=0.01) and were 3.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-8.3) more likely not to recall any outreach materials. Public housing residents were less likely to correctly identify how dengue transmission occurs (61% vs. 89%), where mosquitoes lay their eggs (54% vs. 85%), or to identify any signs or symptoms related to dengue (36% vs. 64%). Public housing residents were less likely to perform dengue prevention practices such as removing standing water or always using air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Examination of public housing residents identified an at-risk population that recalled less exposure to outreach materials and had less knowledge about dengue infection and prevention than the randomized study population. This provides public health systems the opportunity to target or modify future health messages and interventions to this group. Differences identified in the demographics of this population suggest that alternative methods or non-English materials may be required to reach desired outcomes. |
Characterization of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Colorado, USA using microsatellites
Kothera L , Godsey MS Jr , Doyle MS , Savage HM . PLoS One 2012 7 (10) e47602 Mosquitoes such as those in the Culex pipiens complex are important vectors of disease. This study was conducted to genetically characterize Cx. pipiens complex populations in the state of Colorado, USA, and to determine the number of genetic clusters represented by the data. Thirteen populations located among four major river basins were sampled (n = 597 individuals) using a panel of 14 microsatellites. The lowest-elevation sites had the highest Expected Heterozygosity (H(E)) values (range 0.54-0.65). AMOVA results indicated the presence of statistically significant amounts of variation within each level when populations were analyzed as one group or when they were grouped either by river basin or by their position on the east or west side of the Rocky Mountains. Most pairwise F(ST) values were significant via permutation test (range 0-0.10), with the highest values from comparisons with Lamar, in southeast CO. A neighbor joining tree based on Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards's chord distances was consistent with the geographic locations of populations, as well as with the AMOVA results. There was a significant isolation by distance effect, and the cluster analysis resolved five groups. Individuals were also assayed with an additional microsatellite marker, Cxpq78, proposed to be monomorphic in Cx. pipiens but polymorphic in the closely related but biologically distinct species Cx. quinquefasciatus. Low frequencies (≤3%) of Cx. quinquefasciatus alleles for this marker were noted, and mostly confined to populations along the Interstate 25 corridor. Pueblo was distinct in that it had 10% Cx. quinquefasciatus alleles, mostly of one allele size. The degree of population genetic structure observed in this study is in contrast with that of Cx. tarsalis, the other major vector of WNV in the western U.S., and likely reflects the two species' different dispersal strategies. |
Vector competence of Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae) from two regions of Chicago with low and high prevalence of West Nile virus human infections
Mutebi JP , Swope BN , Doyle MS , Biggerstaff BJ . J Med Entomol 2012 49 (3) 678-86 Vector competence studies for West Nile virus (WNV) were conducted for two Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald populations Edison Park (EP) and Illinois Medical District (IMD), in Chicago, IL. The aim was to determine if there were differences between mosquito populations that contributed to the observed differences in the prevalence of WNV. Percentages of orally infected, disseminated, and transmitting mosquitoes were estimated using a generalized linear mixed effects model including a random effect for family to account for anticipated within-family correlation. Analysis indicated that percentages of infected, disseminated, and transmitting mosquitoes were not significantly different between EP and IMD. The within-family correlation was 0.46 (95% CI 0.28, 0.67), indicating reasonably strong tendency for WNV titers of bodies, saliva, and legs within families to be similar. Overall, our results show that vector competence of Cx. restuans for WNV is not a contributing factor to the observed differences in WNV human cases between the EP and IMD areas of Chicago. |
The effect of spatial and temporal subsetting on Culex tarsalis abundance models--a design for sensible reduction of vector surveillance
Brown HE , Doyle MS , Cox J , Eisen RJ , Nasci RS . J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2011 27 (2) 120-8 Early identification of increasing mosquito activity is critical to effective mosquito control, particularly when increasing host-seeking behavior may be associated with increased risk of mosquito-borne disease. In this paper, we analyzed the temporal abundance pattern of the West Nile Virus vector, Culex tarsalis, in Fort Collins, CO, using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. We determined that an autoregressive model order 5 with lagged minimum temperatures was best at describing the seasonal abundance of Cx. tarsalis. We then tested the effect of using both temporal and spatial subsets of the data to determine the effect of reduced sampling effort on abundance predictions. We found that, if reduced trapping is necessary due to limited resources, removal of the least productive 1/3 or 1/4 of the traps produced the least erroneous predictions of seasonality represented in the observed data. We show that this productivity-based subset scheme performs better than other sampling effort reductions in generating the best estimate of Cx. tarsalis abundance per trap-night. |
Vector competence of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) for West Nile virus
Doyle MS , Swope BN , Hogsette JA , Burkhalter KL , Savage HM , Nasci RS . J Med Entomol 2011 48 (3) 656-668 In 2006-2007, stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) during a die-off of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin) (Pelecanidae) in Montana, USA. WNV-positive stable flies were observed feeding en masse on incapacitated, WNV-positive pelicans, arousing suspicions that the flies could have been involved in WNV transmission among pelicans, and perhaps to livestock and humans. We assessed biological transmission by infecting stable flies intrathoracically with WNV and testing them at 2-d intervals over 20 d. Infectious WNV was detected in fly bodies in decreasing amounts over time for only the first 6 d postinfection, an indication that WNV did not replicate within fly tissues and that stable flies cannot biologically transmit WNV. We assessed mechanical transmission using a novel technique. Specifically, we fed WNV-infected blood to individual flies by using a cotton swab (i.e., artificial donor), and at intervals of 1 min-24 h, we allowed flies to refeed on a different swab saturated with WNV-negative blood (i.e., artificial recipient). Flies mechanically transmitted viable WNV from donor to recipient swabs for up to 6 h postinfection, with the majority of the transmission events occurring within the first hour. Flies mechanically transmitted WNV RNA to recipient swabs for up to 24 h, mostly within the first 6 h. Given its predilection to feed multiple times when disturbed, these findings support the possibility that the stable fly could mechanically transmit WNV. |
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